College for Lifelong Learners: Expanding Knowledge at Any Age

Learning doesn’t stop after graduation education is a lifelong journey. Whether you’re looking to change careers, develop new skills, or simply feed your curiosity, colleges for lifelong learners provide opportunities to continue growing at any stage of life.

Why Lifelong Learning Matters

Career Advancement – Gain new qualifications to stay competitive in the workforce.
Personal Growth – Explore subjects that interest you, from history to technology.
Cognitive Benefits – Continuous learning helps keep the brain sharp and active.
Social Connection – Meet like-minded individuals who share your passion for learning.

Opportunities for Lifelong Learners

🏫 Community Colleges & Universities – Many institutions offer adult education, certificate programs, and degree options tailored to non-traditional students.

🌍 Online Courses – Platforms like Coursera, edX, and Udemy provide flexible, self-paced learning on diverse topics.

📚 Workshops & Seminars – Local organizations, libraries, and museums offer short-term learning experiences.

💻 Professional Development – Upskilling programs in business, IT, and healthcare help professionals stay relevant in their fields.

How to Get Started

Identify Your Goals – Are you looking for career advancement, a new hobby, or self-improvement?
Find the Right Program – Research colleges, online platforms, or local learning centers.
Make Time for Learning – Set a schedule that fits your lifestyle.

Final Thoughts

College is no longer just for young students—it’s a place for anyone eager to learn, grow, and evolve. Lifelong learning keeps the mind active and life exciting.

 

Beer Pairing: Enhancing Flavors with the Perfect Brew

Beer is more than just a refreshing drink it’s a complex beverage with diverse flavors that can complement and enhance the taste of food. Just like wine, the right beer pairing can elevate a meal by balancing flavors, adding contrast, or intensifying certain notes. Whether you enjoy light lagers or rich stouts, there’s a perfect beer pairing for every dish.

Basic Beer Pairing Principles

Match Intensity – Light beers pair well with mild dishes, while bold beers complement rich, hearty foods.
Balance Flavors – A hoppy IPA can cut through the richness of fried or spicy foods.
Complement or Contrast – A malty beer can enhance sweet flavors, while a sour beer can provide contrast.

Best Beer & Food Pairings

🍗 Lagers & Pilsners + Grilled Chicken, Seafood, Salads

  • Crisp and refreshing, these beers complement light and delicate dishes.

🍕 Pale Ales & IPAs + Spicy Foods, Burgers, Pizza

  • The bitterness of hops enhances spice and balances greasy, hearty foods.

🧀 Wheat Beers + Soft Cheeses, Sushi, Fruit-Based Dishes

  • Smooth and citrusy, wheat beers pair well with creamy and tangy flavors.

🥩 Stouts & Porters + BBQ, Chocolate, Roasted Meats

  • Rich, dark, and slightly sweet, these beers enhance smoky and caramelized flavors.

Final Thoughts

Beer pairing is an art that enhances both food and drink. By experimenting with different styles and flavors, you can discover combinations that bring out the best in each bite and sip.

 

Health and Vitality: The Key to a Balanced Life

Achieving healthand vitality is about more than just avoiding illness—it’s about feeling energetic, strong, and balanced in everyday life. A combination of nutritious food, regular exercise, quality sleep, and stress management plays a crucial role in maintaining overall well-being.

Nourish Your Body with the Right Foods

Eat Whole Foods – Focus on fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Stay Hydrated – Water is essential for digestion, circulation, and energy levels.
Limit Processed Foods – Reduce sugar, artificial additives, and unhealthy fats.

Stay Active for Strength & Longevity

🏃 Move Every Day – Whether it’s walking, running, or yoga, regular activity keeps the body strong.
🏋 Strength Training – Builds muscle, improves metabolism, and supports bone health.
🧘 Stretch & Breathe – Flexibility and deep breathing promote relaxation and circulation.

Prioritize Mental Well-being

🛌 Quality Sleep – 7-9 hours of sleep restores energy and supports brain function.
🧘‍♂️ Manage Stress – Meditation, deep breathing, and hobbies help reduce anxiety.
😊 Stay Social – Meaningful connections improve emotional well-being.

Final Thoughts

Health and vitality are about small, consistent choices that lead to a balanced life. By eating well, staying active, getting enough rest, and managing stress,

 

Recipes and Their Health Benefits: Cooking for Wellness

Eating home-cooked meals not only satisfies the taste buds but also provides essential nutrients for a healthy lifestyle. Choosing the right ingredients and cooking methods can make a significant difference in overall well-being. Here are some delicious recipes that not only taste great but also offer fantastic health benefits.

Nutritious & Tasty Recipes

🥗 Mediterranean Quinoa Salad (Heart Health & Digestion)

A refreshing mix of quinoa, cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, and feta cheese, drizzled with olive oil and lemon juice.
Rich in fiber – Aids digestion and promotes gut health.
Packed with antioxidants – Fights inflammation and boosts heart health.

🍲 Lentil Soup (Protein & Immunity Boosting)

A warm, hearty soup made with lentils, carrots, celery, and spices.
High in protein – Supports muscle growth and repair.
Iron-rich – Helps prevent anemia and boosts energy levels.

🍳 Avocado & Egg Toast (Brain Function & Energy Boosting)

Whole-grain toast topped with mashed avocado, poached egg, and chili flakes.
Healthy fats from avocado – Support brain health and improve memory.
Eggs provide choline – Essential for cognitive function and metabolism.

🍓 Berry Smoothie (Immunity & Skin Health)

A blend of strawberries, blueberries, yogurt, and honey for a nutrient-packed drink.
Loaded with Vitamin C – Strengthens the immune system.
Supports glowing skin – Antioxidants fight free radicals and promote healthy skin.

Final Thoughts

Cooking with wholesome, nutrient-dense ingredients can enhance health while still being delicious. By making mindful choices, you can create meals that nourish the body and delight the palate.

Pressure Cooker Recipes: Fast, Flavorful, and Effortless Meals

A pressure cooker is a game-changer in the kitchen, allowing you to cook delicious meals in a fraction of the time. Whether you're short on time or looking to intensify flavors, pressure cooking helps create tender meats, rich stews, and perfectly cooked grains with minimal effort.

Why Use a Pressure Cooker?

Speeds Up Cooking – Meals that usually take hours can be ready in minutes.
Enhances Flavor – High-pressure cooking locks in taste and aroma.
Retains Nutrients – Less cooking time preserves vitamins and minerals.
Energy Efficient – Uses less electricity or gas compared to slow cooking methods.

Easy & Delicious Pressure Cooker Recipes

🍛 Classic Beef Stew

Tender chunks of beef, carrots, and potatoes simmered in a rich broth. Ready in 40 minutes instead of hours!

🍚 Perfect Rice

Fluffy white or brown rice in just 5-10 minutes—no more overcooked or undercooked grains.

🍗 Pressure Cooker Chicken Curry

Aromatic spices, coconut milk, and chicken come together in 20 minutes for a comforting meal.

🥣 Creamy Potato Soup

Soft potatoes blended into a creamy, savory soup in 15 minutes.

🥩 Fall-Apart Pulled Pork

Cook pork shoulder with BBQ sauce for just 60 minutes, and you’ll have tender, flavorful pulled pork for sandwiches or tacos.

Final Thoughts

A pressure cooker is a must-have for busy kitchens, offering convenience without compromising taste. Whether you're making soups, meats, or grains, it simplifies meal prep while delivering delicious, home-cooked flavors.

Smoking Meat: The Art of Low and Slow Cooking

Smoking meat is one of the oldest and most flavorful cooking methods, transforming cuts of meat into tender, smoky, and delicious creations. Whether you're using a traditional wood smoker, a charcoal grill, or an electric smoker, mastering the art of smoking meat takes patience, technique, and the right ingredients.

Why Smoke Meat?

Enhanced Flavor – Wood smoke infuses meat with deep, rich flavors that grilling or roasting can’t replicate.
Tender Texture – Low and slow cooking breaks down tough fibers, making meat juicy and tender.
Preservation Benefits – Historically, smoking was used to extend the shelf life of meats.

Best Meats for Smoking

🥩 Beef Brisket – A classic choice with a melt-in-your-mouth texture when smoked properly.
🍖 Pork Ribs – Sweet, smoky, and fall-off-the-bone tender.
🍗 Chicken – Absorbs smoke well and cooks faster than red meats.
🐖 Pulled Pork (Pork Shoulder) – Perfect for sandwiches and tacos with a flavorful bark.
🐟 Salmon – Delicate, smoky, and packed with healthy fats.

Essential Smoking Tips

🔥 Choose the Right Wood – Hickory, mesquite, applewood, and cherry impart different flavors.
Go Low & Slow – Maintain a consistent temperature (225-275°F) for best results.
💦 Use a Water Pan – Helps maintain moisture and prevents meat from drying out.
🌿 Season Generously – Dry rubs and marinades enhance the smoky taste.
🛑 Rest the Meat – Let it sit after smoking to allow juices to redistribute.

Final Thoughts

Smoking meat is a rewarding process that delivers unparalleled flavor and tenderness. With patience and practice, you can create barbecue masterpieces right in your backyard.

 


Snack Ideas: Delicious and Easy Bites for Any Time

Snacking can be a great way to boost energy, curb cravings, and keep hunger at bay between meals. Whether you're looking for something healthy, indulgent, or quick on the go, there’s a snack for every craving. Here are some tasty and simple snack ideas to keep you satisfied throughout the day.

Healthy Snack Ideas

🥑 Avocado Toast – Whole grain bread topped with mashed avocado, sea salt, and chili flakes.
🥜 Nut Butter & Apple Slices – A perfect balance of crunch, sweetness, and protein.
🍦 Greek Yogurt with Honey & Berries – A creamy, protein-rich snack with natural sweetness.
🥕 Veggies & Hummus – Carrot sticks, cucumbers, and bell peppers paired with creamy hummus.
🍿 Air-Popped Popcorn – A light, fiber-rich snack that satisfies salty cravings.

Quick & Easy Snack Ideas

🧀 Cheese & Crackers – A classic combination of crunch and creamy goodness.
🥚 Hard-Boiled Eggs – A protein-packed snack that’s easy to prepare in advance.
🍌 Peanut Butter Banana Slices – A simple, energy-boosting treat.
🥤 Smoothies – Blend fruits, yogurt, and nuts for a refreshing snack.
🍫 Dark Chocolate & Nuts – A balanced mix of sweetness and healthy fats.

Indulgent Snack Ideas

🍪 Homemade Energy Balls – Oats, peanut butter, honey, and chocolate chips rolled into bite-sized treats.
🍞 Mini Pizzas – Whole wheat English muffins topped with marinara sauce, cheese, and veggies.
🍩 Baked Sweet Potato Fries – Crispy, naturally sweet, and satisfying.

Final Thoughts

Snacks don’t have to be boring! Whether you prefer healthy bites or indulgent treats, these snack ideas will keep you energized and satisfied.

 

 


Food Plating: The Art of Presentation

Food plating is more than just arranging ingredients on a plate—it’s an art form that enhances the dining experience. A well-plated dish not only looks stunning but also stimulates the appetite and makes food more enjoyable. Whether you're a home cook or a professional chef, learning the basics of plating can elevate your meals to restaurant-quality standards.

Why Food Plating Matters

Enhances Visual Appeal – A beautifully presented dish makes a strong first impression.
Improves the Dining Experience – Aesthetic presentation excites the senses before the first bite.
Reflects Skill & Creativity – Plating showcases the chef’s attention to detail and craftsmanship.

Essential Food Plating Techniques

🎨 Balance Colors & Textures – Contrast vibrant vegetables with neutral proteins for a visually appealing dish.

📍 Use the Right Plate – Choose plate sizes and shapes that complement the food without overcrowding.

🌀 Arrange with Purpose – Use layering and height to add dimension and depth to your presentation.

💫 Garnish Wisely – Fresh herbs, edible flowers, and drizzles of sauce can enhance the final look.

🔲 Follow the Rule of Thirds – Position food slightly off-center for a naturally pleasing composition.

Simple Food Plating Tips for Home Cooks

Use Small Portions – Avoid overloading the plate to keep it neat.
Play with Negative Space – A little empty space helps highlight the main components.
Clean the Plate Edges – Wipe off any spills or smudges for a polished finish.

Final Thoughts

Food plating transforms a simple meal into a masterpiece. By practicing color coordination, arrangement, and balance, anyone can create dishes that look as good as they taste.

 

The Mediterranean Diet: A Path to Health and Longevity

The Mediterranean diet is more than just a way of eating—it’s a lifestyle rooted in the traditions of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Known for its health benefits, fresh ingredients, and delicious flavors, this diet is one of the most well-researched and recommended eating patterns worldwide.

Why Choose the Mediterranean Diet?

Heart-Healthy – Rich in healthy fats like olive oil, it helps reduce the risk of heart disease.
Supports Brain Health – Antioxidant-rich foods can lower the risk of cognitive decline.
Weight Management – Focuses on whole, nutrient-dense foods that promote satiety.
Anti-Inflammatory Benefits – Ingredients like fish, nuts, and vegetables reduce inflammation.

Key Components of the Mediterranean Diet

🥗 Fresh Vegetables & Fruits – Tomatoes, leafy greens, olives, and citrus fruits provide essential vitamins.
🐟 Lean Proteins – Fish, seafood, beans, and legumes replace red meat as the primary protein source.
🥖 Whole Grains – Brown rice, quinoa, and whole wheat bread offer fiber and energy.
🫒 Healthy Fats – Olive oil and nuts are staples, providing monounsaturated fats.
🍷 Moderate Wine Consumption – Red wine in moderation is part of traditional Mediterranean meals.

How to Adopt the Mediterranean Diet

Cook at Home – Prepare meals using fresh, unprocessed ingredients.
Use Herbs & Spices – Basil, oregano, and garlic enhance flavors without extra salt.
Enjoy Social Meals – Eating with family and friends is an important cultural aspect.

Final Thoughts

The Mediterranean diet is not just about food—it’s a balanced, enjoyable, and sustainable way of living. By embracing its principles, you can improve your health while savoring delicious meals.

 

Fine-Tuning Your Business Processes Helps to Rev-Up Your Bottom Line

There are three key business processes involved in operating an entrepreneurial enterprise-management, strategy and operations. Ideally, all three business processes are tightly integrated. The management process provides a framework for hiring, training, and managing employees. The process not only helps employees become more effective in their positions, but it also helps to improve employee retention levels. The strategy process establishes both short-term and long-term goals. It clearly defines where you want to take your business in terms of earnings, sales, and revenues, and it also clearly defines how you plan to get there. The strategy process becomes your road map. And finally, the operation process provides the tools and the resources for achieving your goals.

A business enterprise should be thought of as an entity--one that is operating as a whole. Although individual projects and processes appear to be working independently, they are interrelated and are focusing on the company's short and long-term goals. Effective project and process management is about the systematic breakdown of the business operations into smaller, well-defined parts --components that are more manageable on both a macro and a micro level. The macro level's focus is on achieving high-level organizational goals/objectives and on creating processes that enable the business to better achieve those goals/objectives. The micro level's focus is on breaking down the various jobs, as well as their individual tasks, into smaller steps/components.

Breaking down complex projects and/or processes into more manageable parts is a valuable key business practice since attempting to deal with multiple, complex problems simultaneously results in inefficiencies, delays, confusion, and stress. Achieving short and long-term goals, meeting targets, and handling day-to-day issues become much easier when tasks are divided into mini-steps. When each mini-step is completed, employees experience a sense of accomplishment rather than feelings of frustration that often arise when dealing with the whole versus its individual parts.

Standardization better positions your business to succeed.

Many early-stage entrepreneurial enterprises, as well as established companies, under-perform! They are typically characterized by having an informal management system, ad hoc procedures, and, at times, an absence of standardized systems and processes. In order for enterprises to flourish into profitable businesses, standardization of processes and procedures is essential. Very few businesses can manage effectively without standardized processes. Without standardization, most likely, things will not get done on a timely basis.

Effective and efficient business processes depend on standardization. Standardization means that all your employees will perform a task in the same way, every time the task is performed. Setting standards for how things should be done, and then, documenting the steps of the process to meet those standards, are critical initiatives that your company must take if it is to grow and reach its potential. Once basic systems are in order, jobs and tasks are done more efficiently and effectively, and decisions are made with greater ease and with greater reliability.

The absence of standardized systems is a major yet very common cause of under-performance by businesses. "Flying-by-the-seat-of-your-pants" management creates inconsistencies and ultimately leads to chaos. When basic systems and processes are developed for performing easily replicated, day-to-day tasks, your business is better positioned to produce more consistent results.

Standardization of business processes applies to procedures, standards, work instructions, and guidelines for various business functions. Standardization is about creating a clearly defined system that enables everyone to do their best work. Proper standardization of the business processes also includes the creation of an Operation Manual.

The Operation Manual is a written document which clearly explains to all employees the standards of operation, and identifies the operational tasks required to establish and operate the business. The Operations Manual supports and promotes the use of consistent and uniform, day-to-day procedures within the business unit for the purpose of maintaining the quality of its services and products. The Manual further defines the company's system of standard processes, procedures, and guidelines. It outlines the procedures for hiring as well as the procedures for employee training and development.

Simplifying your business operations is critical.

In today's competitive market, how you deliver your products/services is most often what differentiates your company from your competitors. Is your company efficient and productive? Or have your company's processes become cumbersome, unwieldy, and out of control?

Business growth does not necessarily equate itself with business growth complexity. Success sometimes hinges on elegant simplicity. Many times, when companies expand as a result of rapid, unplanned growth, they do so without a carefully orchestrated plan. The absence of an adjusted plan--that meets increased business demands-- creates complex, inefficient operational results.

Many businesses find themselves with staff, resource, and equipment redundancies; lack of formal systems; duplicated efforts; and no clear line of sight to the strategy driving the business. The solution to this problem is to assess the business from a big-picture perspective and streamline its operations. In order to effectively simplify your business operations, consider these tips:

• Analyze existing business processes. • Identify gaps in efficiency and productivity. • Develop a solid plan that redesigns and formalizes processes. • Prepare and obtain support from partners, investors, managers, and employees for necessary changes. • Prepare your company for change. • Establish performance benchmarks. • Roll out the plan using a phased approach. • Monitor and evaluate progress. • Consider outsourcing processes that you cannot handle in-house.

Efficiency and profitability go hand-in-hand. The more efficient the operations become, the more profitable businesses become! When a business demonstrates efficiency, it is far more productive since waste and effort of its valuable resources (time, money, and people) are at a minimum. That is why businesses with fine-tuned business processes are some of the most profitable companies in their respective industries.

Business Process Mapping

You want to find that new restaurant downtown that everyone has been raving about, but you've never even heard of the little side street it calls home. What do you do?

You break out a map and figure out how to get from your front door to the restaurant. You look it up on Google maps, type the address into your GPS system or, if you're old school, you reach for that folded up paper map you keep in the back of the utility drawer.

You don't just hop into the car and head off in the general direction of downtown. If that's your plan, you can count on the night ending in frustration and a trip by a drive-through window.

Maps are our friends. That principle doesn't just apply to that new Spanish joint with the great tapas, either. It's a key part of doing business.

Maps work because they provide an understandable, efficient and accurate means of seeing how things fit together. Business process mapping recognizes this undeniable fact and leverages it for increased productivity and efficiency.

Although there are parts of your business that are one-of-a-kind or one-time affairs, most of what you do is a little more predictable. There are processes that you follow to get the results you need.

Those processes may develop organically over time. If you kept driving downtown every night for a few weeks, you might eventually find those tapas in time to get a table. You'd then have a system in place for finding the place again.

However, you could have found your way there much earlier if you started with a map, right? It would've saved a lot of time and you could've avoided a few trips to McDonald's, too.

There's also a strong chance that the route you finally discovered to the restaurant isn't the best one. You may not have figured it out yet, but there could be a faster and more efficient route from your place to the restaurant. Map it out. See what happens. It's never too late.

Let's get back to your business. You have processes in place. Some were developed in chunks based on a combination of luck, skill and experience. You also need to formalize other processes. Right now, you're still struggling to find your way from Point A to Point B.

And that's why it's important to remember that maps are your friends.

Business process mapping involves organizing and breaking down your processes into formalized, easy-to-follow steps. It's a matter of finding repeatable and optimized systems to reduce complication and to increase your ability to handle regular challenges effectively.

When you have those maps, things get done and they get done the right way-every time. You don't get lost and you never arrive at a restaurant two hours after it's closed for the evening.

Are you creating organized systems to accomplish regular events in your business? If you're not, you need to make a point of engaging in some serious business process mapping.

The Benefits and Risks of Business Process Outsourcing

Businesses now outsource many of their non-core processes to survive rising costs and difficult economic conditions. Outsourcing companies provide high quality, competitively priced back office solutions for a wide range of operations - from data entry and document management to medical and legal transcription, medical billing and coding, and much more. However, business process outsourcing comes with both benefits and risks. Read on to get an idea of both sides of the picture.

Outsourcing Help Businesses Face Global Competition

The latest trends in outsourcing say that businesses are looking beyond the cost advantage. They want innovative solutions that will help them get an edge over their competitors, and business process outsourcing companies are going all out to provide that. A list of the many gains that outsourcing offers:

• Infrastructure cost savings: The buyer would not have to set up the infrastructure necessary for back office operations. The BPO company is usually specialized in a wide range of tasks and would have the resources, technology and manpower to offer professional services. This offers the buyer a high degree of flexibility.

• Increased productivity: Internal resources and personnel can be directed to core tasks. Administrative burdens are eased and valuable time saved. The focus is on increasing productivity and revenue.

• A paperless office: Electronic documentation paves the way for a space-saving, efficient, paperless office. Official records and important documents are easily retrievable with document conversion and document scanning solutions.

• Innovative solutions: As mentioned earlier, reliable service providers are geared towards providing their clients with innovative solutions. They are equipped with the latest technology and a skilled workforce that can provide customized solutions to take your business to the next level.

• Competitive pricing: Am established service provider can offer competitively priced BPO services to save their clients up to 40 percent on overhead.

The Risks of Outsourcing

• Security: Breach of security is one of the most important risks of outsourcing. The client allows the BPO company access to its valuable data. Misuse of the data and network access privileges is therefore one of the most important risks that the client faces. This can have serious legal consequences for clients in health care industry where patient confidentiality is crucial.

• Intellectual property risks: Client companies face the risk of theft of their source code and confidential design documents of a key product to which the vendor has access.

• Vendor organizational risks: If the business process outsourcing company faces internal organizational issues, this could affect the client company too. Operations may get stalled and services would not be delivered on time.

How to Get the Best out of BPO

Given that business processing outsourcing has both benefits and risks, both clients and service providers should look to mitigate them. Clients should take care to partner with an established company that can provide safe and effective solutions. Checking out the track record of the vendor company is important. The BPO company should have every measure in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of client information.

Offshore Business Process Outsourcing - New Opportunity To Save On Costs

The necessity to look for ways of reducing costs for various financial services is now higher than ever. Nowadays, the global market today is constantly changing and growing, that is why every business seeks to increase productivity. Banks, insurance offices and capital markets are urgently searching for ways to quickly reduce costs without losing the quality of their services, therefore many are thinking of hiring the offshore business process outsourcing, which can help not to lag behind the times and retain competitiveness. The non-core but still important processes which take up a lot of time are better to be outsourced to offshore business process companies, which are often viewed as more flexible, quicker, less expensive and more productive.

Taking into consideration that a great number of employees at offshore business process outsourcing centers are a better educated in highly specialized fields labor force, which constantly upgrades according to the needs of the time, as well as the possibility of using the world-class telecommunications, the typical services bought offshore can become an improvement in the quality and level of services, offered by your company.

Offshore business process outsourcing companies are normally situated in the in the countries with low average-sized wages, such as India, the Philippines, Brazil, Russia, the Czech Republic, and China. The companies may provide instant cost saving possibilities, which are available because of the great number of competing businesses, often without the need to make serious initial investments. For the businesses striving to decrease their production costs the variant of employing offshore business process outsourcing is one of the best options on the way to achieving savings, taking into account that nearly every firm has at least one area or task, which can be successfully outsourced. The most common examples of offshore business process outsourcing include such spheres as call centers, human resources, accounting and payroll outsourcing, mortgage processing, financial analysis, accounting, legal research, paralegal services, legal transcriptions, insurance claims processing, market and competition analysis, product launch, publishing services, patents , storage, lease management, lease abstraction, real estate management and several other services.

The clients who finally decide to employ offshore business process outsourcing can often get almost complete control of the policies, workflow processes, reporting, systems and data with the help of the modern means of information. Some of the businesses buy or develop their own Internet-based project management tools, allowing the real-time control of all your offshore tasks. This actually destroys the assumption that it nearly impossible to control the work of offshore business process outsourcing centers due to their distant location and time difference.